Scarlet letter Essays

Dolls House/Scarlet letter Essays Dolls House/Scarlet letter Paper Dolls House/Scarlet letter Paper Paper Topic: A Dolls House The Scarlet Letter Frequently, other than depicting the dynamic changing character direct, creators will interlace a specific article that represents the hero over the span of the story. A couple genuine instances of this can be indicated utilizing Nathanial Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. While both have various images, the two of them depict the ladies heroes in the story, its implications changing after some time. For The Scarlet Letter, the hero Hester Prynnes image is the letter A sewn onto her dress while in A Dolls House, Nora Helmers image is the Christmas tree her family gets for these special seasons. In the start of the book, every image implies a certain something, while toward the finish of the story it takes on a totally new importance, nearly the inverse. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynnes representative letter A holds a kindhearted importance before the finish of the story, while toward the starting that was a long way from, fairly inverse, of what it should mean. Miscreant. Blamed for submitting infidelity while hanging tight years for her significant other to get back home to her, a red letter An is weaved upon the chest of Hester. In the start of the novel, truth be told, the letter is delineated as an unsavory token of disgrace that stands apart on her chest while she is remaining upon the framework for the entire world to see her. What's more, when she is holding her child before her, proof of her supposed wrongdoing, it is said that one token of her disgrace would however inadequately serve to conceal another. From the earliest starting point of the novel, portrayed as the wearer of the red letter rather than her name Hester, the letter came to characterize her and caused her to lose the various parts of herself. Over the span of the story, occasions continually happen to help her to remember the red letter she despicably appears to shoulder. In one moment at Governor Bellinghams house when her girl is seeing some shield, Hester sees that it resembles a curved mirror and the red letter was spoken to in misrepresented and enormous extents, in order to be extraordinarily the most conspicuous component or her appearance. In another piece of the story, Hesters girl Pearl begins gathering bunches of wild roses, and throwing them, individually, at her moms chest; moving here and there, similar to a little mythical being, at whatever point she hit the red letter. Once more, to Hester it is another second continually helping her to remember what she did. The change all beginnings in Chapter thirteen, called Another View of Hester, the title alone anticipating an adjustment in importance of the image. The image not just gets overlooked and ignored; it turns out to be practically sacrosanct and represents somebody of a higher status. Portrayed with a constructive implication, sparkling in its incredible weaving, the letter is presently a recognizable article to the townspeople. Hester turned into a comfort in times of dire need; one to help those out of luck, feed poor people, and fix the wiped out. Capable. In A Dolls House, what Nora experiences is practically inverse of what happens to Hester. While Hester gradually expands her status in the public arena, Nora Helmer weakens alongside the Christmas tree over the span of the short play. This is unmistakably observed by inspecting minute portrayals, stage bearings and away from delineations of both Nora and the Christmas tree. The tree is to some degree referenced in each scene, indifferently out of sight of where the move is making place. From the earliest starting point of the play, when the doorman is helping her get the tree, to all through the play when she is gradually beautifying the tree gradually, the tree is seen somehow. There is more than one equal among Nora and the tree, representing her mentally, however truly too. Mentally, as expressed prior, Nora bit by bit turns into a rumpled wreckage, when nervousness fills her at the idea of her mystery being uncovered by Krogstad, which thusly would make Torvald very distraught at her. Supporting this, she is portrayed as being distant from everyone else in the room, strolling about precariously. Thus, this is at the point in the story, the start of Act II, when the Christmas tree is additionally depicted as a sorry wreckage. In a corner, it is deprived of its trimmings with torched light finishes on its rumpled branches. Moving along to the comparative physical portrayal of Nora and the tree, the conversation of embellishments are basic. Most importantly, Nora enlivens the tree similarly as Torvald appears to adorn and dress her for the gathering. Essentially, she refuses the youngsters from seeing the tree before it looks lovely with the entirety of its decorations, much the same as she won't let anybody see her in her new dress until the evening of the gathering. Aside from simply the way that Nora and the tree are both only designed, the real trimmings can be taken a gander at in a manner to represent her falsehoods she tells. As the tree loses its di cor and magnificence, that is how much closer the fact of the matter is getting to being uncovered. On that digression, in the start of the play in Act I, Torvald tells Nora, Keep your little Christmas privileged insights to yourself, my dear. They will all be uncovered to-night when the Christmas tree is lit, no uncertainty. This is the thing that could be the start of where the parallelism among Nora and the tree really begins. Strikingly, in spite of the fact that this is before the part where the peruser really thinks about Noras lies and what Krogstad has on her, once thought back upon this part can be viewed as a characterizing starting to the imagery. Despite the fact that the images depicted the fundamental character in every novel, their implications changed in various ways, one emphatically and the other adversely. In The Scarlet Letter, the significance emblematic letter A changed from miscreant to capable, childhood Hesters position in the public arena from one of disgrace to one individuals could gaze upward to. Then again, in A Dolls House, the physical condition of the Christmas tree gradually exacerbates through the span of the play, speaking to the decay of Noras mental state. While one lady had more karma than the other in the way that her image improved, the style of writing as far as imagery that both Hawthorne and Ibsen had were fundamentally the same as.

Who I Am as a Teenager

Who am I? This vulnerability must be one of the most well-known to experience a teenager’s cerebrum. As a standard adolescent, I commit errors, giggle, cry, grin and love. Each involvement with my life fortunate or unfortunate, cheerful or miserable makes me more grounded. Each progression in my life and each passing second cause me to develop into the individual I need to be. To comprehend who I am, I need to discuss things that help to shape my personality like my past, the way of life where I originate from, the earth where I grow up and my family Our history impacts our energy and our nationalistic propensities. As I have been growing up, I notice that my whole foundation have impacted in who I am. My history causes me to recall where my progenitors originated from. By recollecting that, I will comprehend my legacy, progressively about me, and how I should carry on with my life as well as can be expected. History isn't just enlightening me concerning how my family’s progenitors experienced their lives, yet in addition show me my way of life, my convention, and the way that I think. The family ancestry of everyone denotes their past, their present, and their future, in light of the fact that the outcomes of the activities stay in time. Our way of life impacts, to a degree, everything in our lives, from how we are educated, the ethics we are instructed and different effects on our lives, for example, sports we play, nourishments we eat, garments we wear, music we tune in to and how we feel. Every one of these models speak to my way of life. It makes me unique and recognizes me with my origination, and I feel significant in this world due to these distinctions. I was conceived in a little city in Vietnam, and I didn't have any sibling or sister. As the lone youngster in my family, I experienced childhood in an extremely cherishing, mindful and teaching family condition. Be that as it may, experienced childhood in that sort of protected condition kept me from seeing the outside world. My solitary companions were my toys, so when I began pre-school, it was extremely extraordinary for me in light of the fact that there were significantly a bigger number of children than I was accustomed to seeing. Since I didn't know anybody, I didn’t talk without question. As I became more established and traveled through school, I started to have a larger number of companions than I backed in pre-school. I was beginning to talk more and be increasingly dynamic. I understood that the earth where I grew up had affected who I am as an individual. This pieces of my experience make the individual that I am. Another part of who I am is the interests that I appreciate doing. I like to tune in to any sort of music with the exception of rock and rap. I appreciate playing sports, for example, soccer, ball and football with my companions. I likewise appreciate rough terrain experiences, and playing with my two three-year old nephews. Another of my leisure activities is perusing books particularly clinical books since I need to be a specialist like my folks. My family is presumably the biggest explanation that makes me who I am today since it chooses my character, predisposition and character defects. My father and my mother are the two dental specialists and despite the fact that they are occupied with their activity, they generally invest the vast majority of the energy to deal with me. Being a working housewife, my mother makes a decent attempt to be a decent homemaker. She is a gutsy cook, and she is acceptable. Not at all like a large number of my dad’s contemporizes, he is a perfect example of wholeness and wellbeing and imperativeness. I respect his commitment to his patients and work. Despite the fact that my dad is an exacting slave driver, he can be convivial and minding simultaneously. At the point when I was debilitated, my folks would take off work and spend the entire day to spoiling me back to wellbeing. My father used to reveal to me that â€Å"as a person, everyone committed errors. A few people would deny to confronting it however the keen individuals would have the graciousness to gain from them and not made them twice. † He additionally showed me how to be solid. He advised me to aside from things as they occurred and proceeded onward. In the event that I went through the entire day considering it, I could miss the things that fulfilled me. In addition to the fact that they taught me great virtues, however they likewise gave me instances of good conduct and how to help my family. I was instructed that my most significant objective in life was to have decent training. My folks used to state that some time or another they would not be with me any longer, and on the off chance that I needed to have a financial freedom, I needed to have decent training. At that point I began to consider that, and I chose to concentrate abroad in America. I knew more companions and got progressively autonomous. Through that experience, I got an opportunity to encounter both conventional Vietnamese culture and development American culture. I figured out how to utilize my Asian foundation as an advantageous device and to consider myself to be an extraordinary individual as opposed to as a transient. I had the option to know and find out about every individual and their way of life; my character changed from withdrawn to friendly. Henry Ford once stated, â€Å"Life is a progression of encounters, every single one of which makes us greater, despite the fact that it is difficult to understand this. † Each one of us is one of a kind in the manner that we decipher the effects on us and choose whether or not to acknowledge these outside intercessions in our self-embellishment. My history, my way of life and my family’s condition are the most significant pieces of my life. They are things that help to shape who I am. I love being me and the individual that I am. I am not great, and don’t attempt to be. I experience existence with a receptive outlook and take things in as they occur. I am me and that everything I can be.

Wk 6 Homework Solutions Sample Essay

Wk 6 Homework Solutions Sample Essay There are questions for the sixth week of education that require searching for the answers or the homework solutions. Considering the questions and the answers provide an easier approach to the process of education. Start with the explanation of the work of the stable or automatic stabilisers. The next step is differentiating the regressive, progressive and relative income improvement that defines the stability of the economic system. Students can write such response as GDP influences the income improvement gross. In the case of the GDP growth, the same happens with the income rate. On the other hand, when there’s a lowering of GDP, the income rate represents slowing down or lowering the number of payments transfers. A continuous income raises influence the results and the outcome of the three income rate types and the stability of the regressive income rate. A progressive income rate is raising when there’s a proportional or regressive income raise as well. The GDP is an additional tool for raising the regressive income rate. This situation is used for eliminating the revenue. One can notice the opposite situation when the progressive income rate is lowering. Another task that students have to do during the sixth week of education is to explain the use of the financial policy to obtain and measure the work of the clip slowdowns. A student should find any possible reasons that can weaken the financial policy that can influence the income rate. Students should look for the consequences of crowding out and its approach to the financial policy. The next question for the sixth week is connected with the merge of the economic system. The students should define how the financial policy is connected with the jurisprudence and how it can influence the slowdown of the economic system. Students can explain that fiscal policy can become a handy tool for preventing any negative cases such as the unexpected rise of the prices. It can be influenced by the political representatives that are able to stabilise the whole system. Most often it happens before the elections when there’s a need to win the votes of the electors. If the case that is described above happens too often or every time there’s an election of a new candidate, the economic stability is questionable. The lowering of income rate can cause the consumer’s lost of costs. If the income of the household is cut, the disbursements are inevitable. Some may believe that the income rate will grow again, however, the households can search for alternative income rate growing schemes or expect the need to pay the revenue in the future. The sincere belief in the future raise of the income together with the interest rate, the households can change their expectations about the need to pay the increased interest rate. The results of the lowering of the investments can finish in lowering the involvement rates. The financial situation can be stabilised by borrowing some sums. For example, The G addition was increasing while the AD was lowering.

The Beginning Of Colonial Life - 1060 Words

The beginning of colonial life started off with great living conditions. There was a lack of disease and good amount of clean drinking. These new conditions for the colonist added a few years to the life expectancies. Because of the new great life spans of the colonist, the growth of New England was at an all-time high. Even though there was a great start in New England, Chesapeake was far from growing at the time. It was full of disease; almost all of the men and women were widowers. And their children became orphans. Even though there were countless deaths, disease captured mostly European women. The men then began to have relations with African and Native American women. This then became known as miscegenation. Native Americans and†¦show more content†¦The Native Americans then proceeded to take tactics from the Europeans. This then would help and give them an advantage in fight. Both sides of the Native American groups fought on this conflict. Washington then gave up and soon the Colonial militia was taken over by General Braddock, all because the French advanced in their proceedings of Fort Necessity. In 1755 the French were victorious until 1758 when the British won a series of battles. The British captured the French city of Quebec in 1759 while in 1760 the French signed a peace treaty with the British. In this treaty Canada will no longer be controlled by France. All the while the British allowed religious freedom to also take place here, which still was not present in the other thirteen colonies. The end of the war was official with the Treaty of Paris. Then there was the Treaty of Paris. This is when France surrendered Canada to Britain with Louisiana under Spanish Control. These wars doubled the debt for the English in its colonies and England. Since there was an extensive amount of British troops, taxes were increased and this caused the American Revolution that was an anti- British movement. Furthermore the Colonial period first had a grea t growth while others such as Chesapeake had numerous deaths. Britain and France had ongoing conflicts over control, the Native Americans and Africans then became involved while the militias were taken

Regis University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Regis University is a private Jesuit university with an acceptance rate of 60%. Founded in 1877, Regis University is located in Denver, Colorado. Regis motto, Men and Women in Service of Others, is reflective of the schools emphasis on community service. Undergraduates can choose from 20 degree programs within 5 colleges and schools. Professional fields in business and health care are the most popular among undergraduates. The university has a 13-to-1  student / faculty ratio. On the athletic front, the Regis Rangers compete in the NCAA Division II Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC). Considering applying to Regis University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Regis University had an acceptance rate of 60%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 60 students were admitted, making Regis admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 7,297 Percent Admitted 60% Percent Admitted who Enrolled (Yield) 12% SAT Scores and Requirements Regis University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 71% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 530 620 Math 520 610 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Regis admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Regis scored between 530 and 620, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 620. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 520 and 610, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 610. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1230 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Regis University. Requirements Regis University does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Regis participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Regis requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 46% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 21 27 Math 19 26 Composite 21 27 This admissions data tells us that most of Regis admitted students fall within the top 42% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Regis received a composite ACT score between 21 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 21. Requirements Regis University does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Regis superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Regis Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.57, and over 60% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Regis University have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Regis University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Regis University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Regis University, which accepts over half of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool with above average GPAs and SAT/ACT scores. However, Regis has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A  strong application  essay  and  a glowing letter of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in  meaningful extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Applicants are encouraged to visit and tour campus. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside Regis Universitys average range. In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent admitted students. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 950 or higher, ACT composite scores of 18 or higher, and a high school GPA of B- or better. A significant number of successful applicants had grades in the A range. If You Like Regis University, You May Also Like These Schools University of Colorado  UC Colorado Springs   UC Denver  University of Denver  Colorado School of the Mines All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Regis University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Environmental Science I Syllabus Free Essays

Respect the learning and safety of others: Be punctual. Be safe. Be thoughtful. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Science I Syllabus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exploration of science through trial and error and testing hypotheses will be fostered in this class, so an environment of respect and safety is key. Treat others the way you want to be treated, with thoughtfulness and courtesy. Be prompt: early or on time. No one’s time is more important that the next person. We must use the time we have to learn together wisely. Respect every member of the classroom’s personal space, belongings, and ideas. All students are to take care of the materials and lab environment created in our class. Leave it as it was when you got there or in better condition. Derogatory comments (including profanity) will not be tolerated. Science is learned through experiment, so you will be taught and tested over the safety of our science lab space, to ensure safety. You are expected to follow these science lab procedures and policies. O Note: Due to safety considerations, all bags and belongings will be placed in the teacher-designated area. This will be strictly enforced for our safety. 2. Strive for excellence each day. Be prepared. Be engaged. Be responsible. Do your best! Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence. † Vince Lombardi Everyone must be prepared, so we do not waste time. Have your all your materials for class with you in your seat when the bell rings. Actively participate and engage in class activities and discussions. Always do your best work. I expect quality in every assignment, no matter how small or large. Students are responsi ble for assignment due dates, Late Work Policy, and Make-up Work Policy on next page. Students are expected to follow all Little Rock School District policies, which are See Ms. Thompson Rituals and Procedures document for specific daily classroom rituals. Consequences for Poor Decisions: All decisions in life have equal consequences. Below are the disciplinary steps taken if you choose to not follow the classroom expectations, rituals, and procedures. 1. Verbal Warning 2. Parent Phone Call 3. Referral to Assistant Principal 4. Referral with SIS Recommendation 5. Referral with ZOOS Recommendation Parent Conference The teacher reserves the right to send any student out of the classroom or to the office on referral for extremely disruptive, inappropriate, or severe behavior. Under no circumstance should the teacher have to ask a student to leave the classroom more than once. Absences and Make-up Work: All absent students will be allowed to make up work. This is the responsibility of the student, not the teacher. The student is responsible for work assigned prior to his or her absence. Announced deadlines for long-term assignments, projects, and/or research papers must be honored regardless of attendance. Family emergencies are the only exception to this rule. Tests must be made up the day of your return to lass. See the USSR regarding this policy. Students will need to retrieve their make- up work from a responsible classmate and our online Gaggle classroom where all assignments and notes are posted. Late Work: Any minor assignment can be turned in within one day of the original due date for half credit. It will not be accepted after that time. You are expected to meet all class deadlines. Students must sign the â€Å"Late Work† log if they fail to meet the announced deadline. Food and Drink: Students are allowed to have drinks with lids. However, this is a privilege that will be lab days. Communication and Extra Help: I want you to succeed, and I believe that you can. If you ever meet an obstacle on your path to success, please feel free to visit for extra help in the morning before school or after school. I am always available by email (Meghan. thompson@lrsd. Org) to assist you or your parents however I can. Please do not wait until the end of the nine weeks to seek help if you are having trouble. This will be too late to get you back on track to succeed. Deadline is a great way for both your family and you to keep up with your grades, use it frequently. Let’s work together to make it the best year we can! How to cite Environmental Science I Syllabus, Papers

Operating System Security

Question: Discuss about operating system authentication strategies, attack strategies and techniques and security measures techniques? Answer: Introduction A computer system comprises of hardware, software and processes that is a kind of abstraction of a real business or process model that exists in the world. These systems are used by humans that belong to a system that is outside this computer system. Thus, computer systems use an abstract concept to identify them and they are presented as a user account. This user account acts as an object that has multiple attributes ranging from a login ID to security identifier. Security involves prevention of unauthorized people or entities from accessing systems. It is established to maintain the confidentiality of data, integrity of the same and assuring timely availability of information to authorized people or entities. Background The operating systems play a crucial role in any network as it interacts with multiple devices and machines over a network such that it allocates resources for performing all operations involving these devices as well as involving internal system. These resources include CPU, drive memory, communication ports, and drivers and so on. Moreover, all the applications runover an operating system and use its resources and thus, security of operating system is of prime importance to any security breach or issue can affect all applications running on an operating system. Moreover, a break into one application by a hacker can also cause breaches of security in other applications running on the operating system if the operating system is severely affected(Yang, 2003). To understand how a security system can protect unauthorized users from entering an operating system, it would be essential to understand the process of authentication that is used by operating systems. Moreover, there would also be required an understanding of how attacks may happen over an operating system by unauthorized users if security measures have to be taken. Lastly, security measures and techniques can be studied to understand how they stop or prevent attached in the case of real operating system protection. Thus, in this report, the critical analyzes would be followed in a stepwise manner beginning with the understanding of the Authorization strategies used for protection of operating systems, attack techniques used by unauthorized users for penetrating operating system and the strategies that are used for protection by security providers. Critical Analysis Operating System Authentication Strategies Authentication for humans can be based on five criteria that include something they know such as password or PIN, something they have such as token number, something they do such that they can be asked to perform certain actions to be able to authorize themselves, something they are such as biometric identification and where they are by identification of location. Something they know: This method of authentication is very commonly used, and the authentication passwords are easy to guess making the system vulnerable to unauthorized access. Traditionally passwords used plaintext that was very easy to crack but today systems use stored hashed. However, some of the authentication schemes such as challenge and response still need plaintext. A usual hashed authentication process would involve storage of pass word as a function f(PW) where f cannot be inverted. When a user enters a password, PW, f(PW) is calculated and compared for authentication. For prevention of pre-computation attacks, random salt is added while changing password such that the function stored is salt, f(PW,salt). Further, access control systems are used by operating systems to protect these hashed passwords. However, hackers can still run password guessing programs even in case challenge/response approach is used. Something they have: In such cases, a challenge is thrown to the users having secret cryptographic key for specific time and day often in combination with a PIN such that the user can be guarded against loss or theft of confidential data. Something they do: The users are asked to perform an action that can be used to identify them as humans to ensure that is not the malicious code trying to spoof in the system. User of two-factor authentication, captcha, one-time password generation are some of the examples of such approaches. Something they are: Biometric identification methods such as Fingerprint readers and iris scans work best when they are stored locally as otherwise they can face scenarios of false positive or false negative and user can become a victim of spoofing attacks. Somewhere they are: A user can be identified as per the location such that if the location from where user logs into a system is other than the usual location, the login attempts can either be prevented, or user can be warned about possible attacks such as done in cases of email accounts such as provided by Google. Attack Strategies and Techniques There can be several types of attack strategies that can be used for penetrating operating systems. Trojan horses, login spoofing and use of buggy software are some of the very common techniques used by attackers. Trojan Horses: Trojan horses trick users to run programs that have obnoxious codes. These programs may include viruses and worms, and when they are run by a users, they can change file permissions. Login Spoofing: In login spoofing, a fake prompt asking for credentials and if the same are entered, ID and passwords can be obtained by hackers from users. Computer Virus: It is a program containing malicious code that has the capability to copy itself in a system without permission using deception strategies such as overwriting of genuine files, acting companion to an EXE file, appending code to EXE files such as done by Vienna virus, insertion of malicious code at the start of a program, filling code into an empty space without affecting original program such as done by Lehigh virus, compression of host content such as done by Whales virus, boot sector virus, macro virus running on specific applications such as Microsoft Word, and so on. Security Measures techniques There are several security measures taken, and many of these are targeted to prevent specific types of attacks. For instance, to protect a Trojan Horse program to affect an operating system, operating systems provide Sandboxes, which is an environment in which a program can be executed without affecting rest of the machine that is used. Another trick is having a very limited interaction with the operating system and the outside world, but it can be very difficult to follow in many cases. For preventing login spoofing, trusted paths are used with a user initiated sequence that can guarantee that right operating system is reached out. Military Classification Model Blocking executable is another strategy that is commonly used for preventing unauthorized software runs. However, this causes issues when one tries to run executable files for fixing bugs. In such cases, certified systems make use of Military Classification Model, which define security levels such that every document can be classified as belonging to a certain level with each level being given a set of clearances. One can view only those documents that have these clearances. These classifications identify documents as confidential, secret, top secret and can compartmentalize the same into Crypto, Subs or NoForns. Clearances have to be obtained for each compartment to be able to view files. Systems using such classification schemes for documents security are called multi-level security systems(CS, 2015). Discretionary Access Control As per US government, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria is used for operating system security assurance which requires operating systems to use Discretionary Access Control (DAC). This to some extent provides protection to the system in a time-sharing environment or in case of multi-tasking thereby protecting operating system mainstream. However, this does not guarantee protection of individual applications that run on the operating system. A B Class level of security is mandatory in the case of use of Mandatory Access Control (MAC), but the benefit of the same cannot be drawn upon in the systems using DAC efficiently. Preventive Measures In 2009, an investigation was done by DSD on targeted cyber intrusions and with the preventive mechanisms studied, in 2010, Australian Defense Signals Doctorate (DSD) list was published with 35 mitigation strategies identified, out of which top key measures of prevention including patch updating of operating system, patching of third-party applications, restricting of admin privileges to regular users, and use of only white-listed applications. When white-listing is implemented, it makes it difficult for the intruder to compromise a communication and information system as it ensures that only authorized applications are allowed to run on a system thereby preventing applications with malicious codes from running. Before operating system security can be established and patches are properly upgraded as required, risks have to be assessed, and a system deployment plan has to be created. System security planning process may be used for preventing operating systems. A proper planning proce ss may be used for ensuring complete safety through identification of critical content to be secured, use of network protection mechanisms and use of appropriate processes for maintenance of the operating system security(Australian Government, 2012). The first step in securing a system as used by major organizations or security officials is system hardening which involves installation of operating system and its patches. Further, operating system would be hardened and configured. Further additional security controls such as firewalls, anti-virus and intrusion detection systems can be installed for further hardening of security of operating system. Initially, there were various detection systems used for identifying patterns of virus activities such as string scan, mismatch detection, wildcards, bookmarking, smart scan, skeleton detection, specific virus detection and heuristics. However, only the use of security systems is not sufficient unless they are tested for their capability to address security needs of an operating system. Moreover, detection methods can only be useful in the cases of known viruses such that they are required to be frequently updated to remain effective for new cases of attacks. Also, detection of metamorp hic viruses that know antivirus loopholes can be difficult to detect by static and dynamic techniques of anomaly detection and thus new approaches are required to be explored(Daoud, Jebril, Zaqaibeh, 2008). Encryption Technology Encryption is used for securing data that is in transit and to be able to use encryption on data; appropriate cryptographic keys have to be created, signed, secured and configured. In case of IPSec and TLS, appropriate private keys are also generated, and if SSH is used then server and client keys are created. Security Maintenance Security establishment is the first step but it is not sufficient to keep operating system secure in the long run for which security is also required to be maintained for the system for which certain mechanism may be used such as monitoring and analysis of logging information, regular backups, security recovery, security system testing, and use of maintenance through patches and updates for monitoring and revision of configuration. Process Homeostasis Modern computer systems face several challenges including data loss, server hacking, system crashes and so on. Most of these issues result from the abnormal behavior of systems or program. Homeostasis is a technique used by Linux 2.2 kernel that can be used for detection of unusual behavior of a program through the study of short sequences of system calls. Unusual behavior can be in the form of system slow down and delays. Unusual program behavior can lead to set of symptoms such as data corruption, security isolation, crashes, but there are no inbuilt in mechanisms in an operating system that can respond to such anomalies and thus, for this a system called pH or Process Homeostasis based on the structure of biological system have been tested. There is a rise in complexities with increasing data shared through internet and network connections leading to additional and new security issues making systems vulnerable to crashes. Unlike an isolated system, a networked system cannot remain consistent over time but changes frequently. Thus, monitoring and keeping track of activities happening in an operating system that is connected to the network can be crucial for understanding and identifying vulnerabilities and attacks. In such cases, a program is used for identifying legal behavior as well as unusual events that result into issues such as communication failures and invalidation of data with rarely used codes getting executed. In this approach, detectors are developed for recognizing explicit behavior or a program through data streams scanning such that attack signatures can be identified. However, this approach also has its limitations as it is difficult to identify all types of behavior when a program can malfunction. Also, such programs are required to be regularly upgraded to be able to detect new anomalies. Detection and learning of unusual and normal program behavior can enhance the security of an operating system. In homeostasis, several types of detectors and effectors are used for creating a stable environment of an operating system. Conclusion The paper discussed various security and control measures that could be used for attaining and maintaining security for an operating system. 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